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"Automatic Train Protection" (ATP) system protects a train against excessive
speed, collision and other hazardous conditions that may arise during train movements.
It operates by transmitting signals of maximum speed limits from the track to a
train and comparing continuously the actual train speed with these speed limits.
If the train speed exceeds these speed limits, the system then applies emergency
brake to prevent the train from excessive speed. It also ensures that there is always
sufficient unoccupied track in front of the train in the event of an emergency brake
application for the train to stop clear of any other trains to prevent collision.
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